
Sell them and their offspring and buy new ones, 12 months old and repeat process.
If you have free space in your cow barn, then you should consider selling them at 27 month age, when they breed.
So you should not keep dairy cows after that age if you want to maximize your milk profits. So you loose money from milk after 36 months. It has been tested that from 36 to 42 month age cow milk production goes down for about 30% and after 42 months seems to settle there at about 70% of initial value. I apologize! Cows start to produce less milk when they reach 36 months age.
EDITED by vipersan1: "this reason is wrong!!! Cows do not loose any production up to at least 62months of age and probably beyond too (tested by mr. The price of a cow stays the same until 36 month old, and then it starts to decrease. So you sell your cows at 24 months and buy new ones, 12 months old and repeat this every year. It's 80$ less if you have to pay transport fee. So that is about 400$ of profit per cow in one year. 12 month old cow will cost you 1100$ and at 24 months you can sell it for 1500$. There is no loss of milk production between 12 and 36 months age, so there is no loss for you. From 24 to 36 month and every year after cow consumes about 4200L of food. between 12 and 24 months one cow consumes little less then 3900L of food (TMR or hay) so you can save your money in food expenses. The proper answer to your question is to buy them 12 months old and sell them at 24 months old.